{
  "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27",
  "method": "Qualitative purposive sample. Questions and comments identify needs, never determine regulations. Indexed text is distinguished from directly opened pages. No prevalence, popularity or universal enforcement claims are inferred.",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "flight_safe_power_bank",
      "community": "Reddit / r/onebag",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/onebag/comments/1tkaw6g/flight_safe_power_bank/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "New rules, choosing equipment, clear labels and conflicting advice about China.",
      "themes": [
        "labels",
        "scope",
        "use"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "do_you_carry",
      "community": "Reddit / r/onebag",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/onebag/comments/1suvz8z/do_you_carry_a_portable_power_bank/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "People rely on their phone for boarding passes and navigation; seat power may fail.",
      "themes": [
        "use",
        "packing"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "inspection_experiences",
      "community": "Reddit / r/onebag",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/onebag/comments/1wh6tdp/removed/",
      "access": "indexed_comments_only",
      "observation": "Original post removed. Comments disagree about enforcement and describe medical batteries. Do not treat comments as regulation.",
      "themes": [
        "scope",
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "china_3c_scope",
      "community": "Reddit / r/chinatravel",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/chinatravel/comments/1rfid8o/what_type_of_powerbank_is_allowed_tofro_china/",
      "access": "page_and_comments",
      "observation": "Conflicting reports about domestic, international and transit checks; worn labels can be another reason for refusal.",
      "themes": [
        "scope",
        "labels"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "worn_label",
      "community": "Reddit / r/TravelHacks",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/TravelHacks/comments/1usa0y1/battery_banks_flying/",
      "access": "page_and_comments",
      "observation": "An older device has worn markings; traveller asks if a photo/manual will help. Comments also ask about bulkhead seating.",
      "themes": [
        "labels",
        "packing"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "watts_vs_energy",
      "community": "Reddit / r/UsbCHardware",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/UsbCHardware/comments/1qlco00/am_looking_for_a_power_bank_to_use_during_flights/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "145 W and 200 W marketing ratings confuse the purchase decision for flying and handheld gaming.",
      "themes": [
        "units",
        "use"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "japan_charging",
      "community": "Reddit / r/JapanTravelTips",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/JapanTravelTips/comments/1sz9rvp/with_the_new_portable_charger_rules_for_japan/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "165 W versus Wh, readable markings, airline nationality and onboard-use restrictions recur together.",
      "themes": [
        "units",
        "labels",
        "scope",
        "use"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "two_bank_faq",
      "community": "Reddit / r/singapore",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/singapore/comments/1si4cpr/faq_what_you_need_to_know_about_the_twopowerbank/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "Small MagSafe plus laptop batteries and personal count limits are discussed.",
      "themes": [
        "count",
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "battery_or_powerbank",
      "community": "Reddit / r/singapore",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/singapore/comments/1sdmnys/travellers_flying_out_of_singapore_only_allowed_2/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "Camera batteries, fans with charging outputs and heated clothing cause classification confusion.",
      "themes": [
        "count",
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "sia_advisory",
      "community": "Reddit / r/singaporeairlines",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/singaporeairlines/comments/1sdqtmr/psa_advisory_on_the_carriage_of_power_banks_on/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "Discussion conflates camera batteries and power banks. Official airline announcement separately verified.",
      "themes": [
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "gate_check",
      "community": "Reddit / r/SouthwestAirlines",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/SouthwestAirlines/comments/1nrx2dd/forced_gate_check_and_lithium_batteries/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "A forced gate-check creates problems when there is no extra bag; distinguish installed devices from loose power banks.",
      "themes": [
        "packing"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "one_bank_limit",
      "community": "Reddit / r/SouthwestAirlines",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/SouthwestAirlines/comments/1t9c41g/new_power_bank_limit/",
      "access": "search_excerpt",
      "observation": "Travellers ask about the changed one-bank limit.",
      "themes": [
        "count"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "flight_delay",
      "community": "Reddit / r/traveladvice",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/traveladvice/comments/1v9s1r3/anybody_else_use_a_power_bank_as_a_back_up_during/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "An airport delay and occupied sockets motivate carrying backup power even when inflight use is restricted.",
      "themes": [
        "use",
        "packing"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "domestic_connection",
      "community": "Tripadvisor / China",
      "url": "https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g294211-i642-k15433076-Power_Banks-China.html",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_replies",
      "observation": "European travellers ask if existing devices qualify for an internal flight.",
      "themes": [
        "scope"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "one_hour_transfer",
      "community": "Tripadvisor / China",
      "url": "https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g294211-i642-k15523777-CCC_certified_power_bank_purchase_at_Beijing_Airport-China.html",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_replies",
      "observation": "One-hour Beijing connection: traveller needs to know whether to buy a replacement, replies disagree with premise.",
      "themes": [
        "scope",
        "packing"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "hidden_domestic_leg",
      "community": "Tripadvisor / Xian",
      "url": "https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g298557-i7579-k15434871-Power_Banks_Without_CCC_Mark-Xi_an_Shaanxi.html",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_replies",
      "observation": "An international itinerary includes a domestic stop; another traveller reports a questionable certification mark.",
      "themes": [
        "scope",
        "labels"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "confiscation_cost",
      "community": "Tripadvisor / China",
      "url": "https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g294211-i642-k15574987-Battery_packs_confiscated_at_airports-China.html",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_replies",
      "observation": "Travellers fear losing an expensive hiking battery.",
      "themes": [
        "packing",
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "conflicting_limits",
      "community": "FlyerTalk / Lufthansa",
      "url": "https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/lufthansa-austrian-swiss-brussels-lot-ita-other-partners-miles-more/2211189-new-rules-power-banks-board-lufthansa-group-aircraft-2-printerfriendly.html",
      "access": "search_excerpt_page_blocked_403",
      "observation": "Search excerpt describes two power banks versus twenty spare batteries in different sections.",
      "themes": [
        "conflicts",
        "special_devices"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "using_or_storing",
      "community": "FlyerTalk / British Airways",
      "url": "https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/british-airways-british-airways-club/2217773-rules-using-storing-power-banks-board.html",
      "access": "search_excerpt_page_blocked_403",
      "observation": "Thread asks about the difference between use and storage; full page unavailable.",
      "themes": [
        "use"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "long_haul_laptop",
      "community": "FlyerTalk / Travel Technology",
      "url": "https://www.flyertalk.com/forum/travel-technology/2224581-best-travel-power-bank-can-charge-laptop-phone-long-haul.html?nojs=1",
      "access": "search_excerpt",
      "observation": "Traveller seeks one battery for a long flight and hotel trip.",
      "themes": [
        "units",
        "use"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    },
    {
      "id": "medical_battery",
      "community": "Reddit / r/CPAP",
      "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/CPAP/comments/1vralq7/using_my_cpap_on_a_long_haul_flight/",
      "access": "indexed_post_and_comments",
      "observation": "Medical-device travellers describe advance approval and conflicting power-supply instructions. This checker must explicitly exclude medical-device approval.",
      "themes": [
        "special_devices",
        "conflicts"
      ],
      "reviewed_on": "2026-10-27"
    }
  ],
  "limits": [
    "FlyerTalk full pages returned 403; only indexed excerpts used.",
    "TikTok blocked by robots.txt.",
    "X, Facebook and Instagram searches returned no usable public posts in this environment.",
    "YouTube search returned irrelevant results; no video or comment analysis claimed.",
    "No private groups, login-only discussions or direct interviews were accessed.",
    "Removed post used only for visible indexed comments."
  ],
  "themes": {
    "units": "W vs Wh, nominal voltage, borderline capacity",
    "labels": "Unreadable capacity and certification marks",
    "scope": "Operating carrier, domestic connections and transit",
    "use": "Carriage is not permission to use or recharge",
    "packing": "Gate-checked bag, seat storage, confiscation and loss of power",
    "count": "Total devices, gifts, multiple banks",
    "special_devices": "MagSafe, camera batteries, smart bags and medical devices",
    "conflicts": "Conflicting official text and anecdotes"
  }
}